Heating apparatus.



II. w. ODown.

- HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED ocT. I6, 1915.

1.224.497. Patented May 1, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

[AMEN Y0@ )I Woman m Y M.-

H. W. ODOWD.

HEATING APPARATUS APPLICATION FILED ocr. 16.*1915.

Patented May 1 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2. l

H. vv. O'Ynown.

HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. I6. 1915.

Patented May l, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 KMX/f' n frown vBV NETE@ STATE ATENE @FTQEO HENRY W. ODOWD, 0F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 WILLIAM M. CRANE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

HEATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Parenteel May i, fait.

Application led October 16, 19.15. Serial No. 56,189.

To all 107mm t may concern Be it known that I, HENRY W. UDowD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Jersey City, county of Hudson, and St-ate of New Jersey, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention consists of an improved type of stove known in the trade as a double direct action cooking range.

Generally speaking, the invention may be said to have for its object to provide a stove or range of universal adaptation. possessed of several novel features that distinguish it from other .apparatus of the same class and are productive of superior' advantages.

Among other features, the said stove or range includes an oven heated both exteriorly and interiorly by currents merging therein.

Another feature of the invention is that it provides means for the exterior application of heat to the oven in opposite directions, the oven being surrounded by flue spaces permitting the passage of dual heat currents, which flow in double layers or strata upon the ovens sides, but are kept separate from each other by partitions guiding them in substantially parallel courses.

An additional feature is that the oven is heated by direct currents delivered simultaneously into its bottom and sides.

Still another feature is the provision of a blind flue standing at some distance from the side of the ov'en, and adapted to impound part of the heat currents that enter it prior to delivery into the ovens side. The impounded portion of the currents is utilized to strengthen other currents also supplied to the oven through the space inter- .vening between the latter and the said blind flue. The word blind, as used in this specification and the subjoined claims, is intended to indicate that the hue is closed at its upper end, and can discharge into the oven only to a partial extent, through a side communication.

A further distinguishing feature is that the said blind Hue is adapted for lateral delivery into the oven at different levels, and means are furnished to reduce the volume of ascending heat currents within the flue in proportion to the respective heights of these levels.

Other characteristic features of the invention will be easily recognized from the description thereof hereinafter contained, and will be duly pointed out in the claims terminating the specification.

Referring now to the drawings hereto annexed, which form an integral part of the description Figure l is a sectional side elevation of a cooking stove or range showing one embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section of the same. on the irregular line 2 2 of F ig. 1. looking rearward; and

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan, taken from the irregular line 33 of Fig. 1, looking down.

Certain parts of the construction illustrated in the said drawings have already been set forth in a co-pending application for patent, tiled by me on the 27th day of Jan., 1915, Serial No. 4,579, and therefore the same will be but briefly described herein, and only in so far as may be necessary or expedient, either to constitute a full disclosure of the invention or to bring out novel combinations formed between such elements as have been previously divulged and others that are strictly new. Such parts or elements, however, as are believed to be entirely original. and exposed for the first ltime in this speciiication, will be particularized.

In its preferred embodiment, the invention includes a quadrangular body portion composed of plates 11, 12, 13 and'14, constituting the sides, back and front of the stove, respectively. As shown, this body stands on .a bottom plate 15, and it is covered by an apertured plate 16, furnished with reducing rings 17, 18, 19, 20, and a central lid 21. rlhe front plate 14 has the usual opening to afford access to the interior of the stove, which is closed as by a door 22. rThe several plates may be all made separate and joined together by any suitable means, and when assembled they form, with the top and front closures, an outer casing wherein an oven and other parts, herein.- after described, are located. n

Surrounding the oven and forming a jacket therefor in the said outer casing, is

` terior plates are insulated, excepting the plain top and front, which are the same for the casing and the jacket. 1t is understood that the top of the stove is designed to let out rather than to confine the heat, to permit cooking at the surface, and the forward part of the stove does not need strong insulation, since it is relieved from excess of caloric by the draft being directed rearward, as will inafter.

As shown, the oven, before referred to, is located about centrally within the jacket aforesaid, extending for the full depth thereof from the front to the rear, but terminating laterally at some distance from each of the sides 25 and 26. This oven inay be formed simply by four plates, as 35, 36, 37 and 38, constituting its top, bottom, an two sides, and arranged to abut against the forward plate 14 of the casing and the rear plate 27 of the jacket. The last-named plate (27) in that case will serve partly as the back of the oven, and the door 22, previously spoken of as a closure for the opening in the plate 14, will be the oven-door. The said four plates 35, 36, 37 and 38 may be supported from the adjoining parts of the .jacket and casing in any approved manner,

and preferably they are all apertured or perforated, as at 41, 42, 43 and 44, for purposes hereafter specified. Furthermore, the oven is divided into superposed compartments by a shelf 45, also apertured or perforated as at 46, and adapted'to slide in and' out of place upon lateral supports 47 l Above -and below the oven are two heatgenerating chambers, both adapted to discharge 'heat-currents directly into it. By preference, each of these chambers. is equipped with an appliance capable of burning gas as the heat-producing agent, such, for instance, as a cluster of burners 50, and a set of detached burners 51, respectively situated within the upper and lower parts of the jacket that surrounds the oven. How the said chambers are laid out and arranged to heat the oven by gas will now be briefly explained.

The upper heat-generating chamber, to wit, the one located above the oven, is made preferably of the same depth and width as the latter, and in height'extends from a base 26, 27 and a8,-

. 37, 38, up to the top more clearly appear herelintense heat be not plate or ioor 53, set-between the side plates closure of the outer casbefore described. The front plate 14 of ing , of the jacket the casing and the 'back plate 27 therein constitute respectively the forward and rear walls of this chamber. The floor 53 is placed at some distance from the oven top 35, to form an intermediate flue* 54, and supports a layer of rebrick or other refractory material, as 55, which fills the space inclosed by the upper ends of the plates 37, 38,

and opposite portions of the plates 14, 27, with the exception of a central recess 56, reserved for a fireplace. A pan 57, flanged over the iirebrick and designed to contain the before-mentioned cluster of gas-burners 50, is suspended within the recess 56. The burners 50 may be composed of concentric annular members, separately operable as shown. They are suitablysupported in the bottom of the pan 57 above a series of airopenings 58, and provided each with a feedpipe, as 59, connecting with an outer supplypipe 60, in front of the stove. The several feed-pipes, it will be seen, are furnished with the customary air-mixers 61 and rotary plug valves 62, and reach their respective burners, from' the supply-pipe, through appropriate apertures made in the upper part of the forward plate 14, the irebrick. 55, and the pan 57. l

From the cluster of gas-'burners 50, the flames naturally impinge, or throw up their heat, against the underside of the lid 21 and the adjacent rings 18, 19, and 20, or against such utensils as may be placed instead directly over the fire. As the gas burns, the heat spreads to the neighboring outer ring 17, which is formed with depending prongs 65, opposite the underlying iirebrick 55, and thereby enabled to collect a very material amount of the outflow of caloric, with the result that the stove' is properly heated throughout its surface. 1f no cooking be done elsewhere ,than at the surface, and an desired, the products of combustion and overplus of caloric are at once eliminated, by opening a damper-con trolled exit provided rearward near the top of the stove. This exit includes a passage 66, cut into the irebrick 55; a short tubular connection 67, leading therefrom to an aperture 68 in the back plate 13 of the casing; an elbow 69, registering with this aperture; and an outlet-pipe'70, Like the exit passage 66, the previously mentioned flue 54 also is made to discharge into the tubular connection 67 and aperture 68, but on the opposite side of the floor 53, which is slightly extended outward, as at 71, for the purpose of keeping separate the communications that lead from the passage and the flue to the exterior of the stove.

A damper 74 is placed in the elbow 69, close to the outer 'end of the floor extension 71, where it ispivotally connected with the sides of the elbow, as at 7 This damper is designed to be operative both in a hori-- zontal and in a vertical position. Then turned down fiat, substantially on a level with the floor 53 and the extension 71 thereof, it shuts off the outlet from the flue 54, and its free edge then is made to rest upon a ledge 76, provided in the elbow. 1When turned up, it is brought to bear against the inner bend of the elbow in such a way as to cut off the communication of the exit passage 66 with the outlet. Thus the damper controls both the flue and the exit passage, operating alternately to close the one and to open the other.

Preferably, the said damper 74 is arranged so as to swing down by gravity to its horizontal position, and to be raised by positive means to the vertical position. To this end, the pivots 75 are located at or near the inner edge of the damper, so that the outer edge thereof will naturally gravitate toward the ledge 76; and the damper is further provided on the under side with a downwardly projecting arm 78, to which a push-rod 79 is hinged, as at 80. Thus, if the rod 79 be released, the damper will fall of its own weight until it meets the ledge 76 and stops the flue 54, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, the exit passage 66 thereabove being meanwhile open to the outlet, and the rod shifted forward, also as represented by dotted lines. 1f the rod be pushed back, the damper will be swung upward until it shuts the exit passage and opens the flue to the outlet. The pushrod is conveniently arranged for operation by the oven-door 22, with which its free end is adapted to contact. As seen in the said F ig. 1 the rod 79 extends from the arm 78 forwardly inside the flue 54, where it is supported by a guide 81, and thence it passes through a slot 82 in the plate 35, down into the front part of the ove-n, in position to meet the door 22, when closed. The closing of the door operates to push back the rod and raise the damper, whereas if the door is opened or kept open, the rod will advance and the damper be dropped.

The oven-door, above referred to, may be of any approved type, though it is shown in the annexed drawings as appertaining to the drop-door variety. As illustrated, this door is adapted to swing downward, upon hinges located along the bottom margin of the opening in the front plate14, as at 85, Figs. l and 3, and it is held at the top by a latch 86, that engages a cam-faced catch 87, on the said plate. has a lining 88, of asbestos -br analogous heat-absorbing substance, projecting into the entrance to the oven. On the outside, the door is provided with a transverse handle 89, near its upper end, by :means of which it can be pulled open or returned to closed po- The inner face of the door sition, as desired, and it is further equipped with telescoping shock-absorbers, as 90, on opposite sides, in order to take up the concussion due to brusque manipulation. Each shock-absorber has a hinge connection with the plate 14, as at 91, and it is similarly connected as at 92, to a flange 93, on the door 22. These features of construction, although novel, will not be claimed herein, as they are already covered by other applications for patents.

Part of the heat from the upper generating chamber can be used for heating the oven, whether or not any cooking be done on the surface of the stove. Flues 96, 97 and 98, connecting the chamber with the oven,

are provided for this purpose. The flues 96 and 97 extend from the top plate 16 of the casing, down by the sides of the oven to the bottom thereof, and discharge into the flue 98, which is formed between the oven bottom plate 36 and another plate 99 thereunder, constituting the ceiling of the lower heatgenerating chamber, next to be described. From the flue 98, which is thus horizontally disposed and arranged transversely With relation to the flues 96 and 97, the heat units rise into the oven lthrough the apertures 42 in the oven bottom plate 36, and after ascending to the top plate 35, pass up through the apertures 41 in the latter, into the intermediate flue 54, under the base plate or floor 53 of the upper heat-generating chamber. lt

is understood, of course, that the oven-door 22 is then closed, and the damper 74 has been raised thereby, in the manner already eX- plained, into the position represented by full lines in Figs. 1 and 3, so that the outlet for the products of combustion and the spent heat units is stopped at the passage 66, but is open at the rear end of the intermediate flue 54. rlhe draft in that case is downward from the upper fireplace by the sides of the oven, up through the latter from the bottom` to the top thereof. thence into the flue between the oven and the chamber there-above, and rearwardly out of this flue past the raised damper. Much heat, which otherwise would go to waste, is thus saved and utilized, by leading and drawing it down from the top fire, and up through the oven beneath.

rThe lower heat-generating chamber, that is, the one below the oven, takes in the entire bottom part of the jacket before described, loccupying the space inclosed by the lower portions of the plates 25, 26 and 27 at the sides and back of the jacket, the corresponding portion of the front plate 14 of the outer casing, the jackets bottom plateI 28, and the plate 99, hereinabove referred to as the ceiling of the chamber. The burners 51, also spoken of hereinbefore, are placed parallel to one another in this chamber, eX- tending from the front to the back plates thereof, from which they are suitably supported at the ends, as shown. These burners also are separately operable, having each an air-mixer 100, a rotary plug valve 101, and a feed-pipe 10Q, connecting the same with a gas supply pipe 103, mounted forwardly of the stove. The action of each can be observed'through one 0r more apertures, as 104, closed with mica, as at 105.

Directly above the set of burners 51, under the said ceiling 99- of the lower heat-generating chamber, is placed an insulating mat or shield 108, of asbestos or equivalent fireproof material, held to the ceiling by an underlying plate 109. This mat or shield and the sustaining plate thereof moderate the effect of the flames from thev gaseburners upon the lower 'flue 98, to which they transmit considerable he-at, and thence to the oven above, by radiation. The heat units that are not absorbed, and thus transmitted, it will be observed, are defiected by the plate 109 and conducted laterally toward the side plates 25 and 26 of the jacket.

`are blind in the sense that The heat units which are laterally deflected by the plate 109, as just noted, are led thereby into side flues 110 and 111, located exteriorly of the before described flues 96 and 97, respectively, and extending upward, within the jacket, to opposite points substantially on a level with the floor of the upper fireplace. While running in reverse directions, the flues 110, 111, lap over the flues 96, 97, and divide up equally with them the spaces intervening between the sides of the jacket and the sides of the oven directly opposite. The outer fiues 110, 111, they are closed at their upper ends, which thus form pockets wherein, the ascending heat units accumulate, and assist by conduction and indirect transmission in maintaining the flow of caloric through and across the inner flues 96, 97, in a high state of efficiency. Tubular passages, as 112 and 113, connect the outer flues with the previously mentioned apertures 43 and 44 in the sides of the oven,vtransversely of the inner fines, thereby affording direct ,communication between the lower heat-,generating chamber and the oven on both sides. Preferably, these passages are provided at different levels, above and below the shelf or shelves 45 of the oven, and are separated by deiectors, as 114 and 115, projecting into the outer flues so as to diminish the flow of heat units therethrough in proper ratio to the height of the several passages. The draft of the lower heat-generatingchamber is identical with that of the upper heat-generating chamber, when the oven-door is closed and the damper raised.

It has already from the upper generating chamber can be used in part for heating the oven. But, to explain more fully the operation of the stove the idea of forcing the once into the oven and ,been stated that the heat' in this respect, it should be added that the damper 74, previously portant factor in producing the .fdraft necessary to start an effective circulation of the heat currents for the purpose in view. When the stove is cold, it is diflicult at rst to bring the currents of heat from the upper generating chamber -down yinto the oven. Experience has demonstrated that this difficulty is best overcome by opening the dainper and allowing the heated products of combustion to pass directly from the upper chamber into the outlet connected with the chimney, instead of closing the damper with heat currents down at thence into the chimoutlet. The latter becomes warmed more rapidly by keeping the damper open for a certain interval of time, and a greater suction is exercised on the flues around the oven. As before noted, the damper is open to the upper heat-generating chamber whenever the oven-door is opened. As the damper falls into its horizontal position on the opening of the door, it affords a free egress for the products of combustion.

The invention, in its broader aspect, is not restricted to the precise details'of construction and arrangement of parts herein disclosed, nor to `any specific manner of carrying it into practice, as manifestly numerous changes and modifications can be effected without departing from the underlying principles yof the invention, or sacrificing any of its chief advantages.

' I claim:-

1. A stove, including in combination, an oven apertured at the bottom, a radiating element thereunder, an upper source of heat, and means for conveying the heat from said source down upon said element and thence into the oven.

2. A stove including an oven with an apertured bottom, a flue open at the aperture therein, a radiating element on said flue opposite said aperture, an upper heat generating chamber, and means for conveying heat from said chamber down upon said element.

3. A stove including an oven provided with apertures. at top and bottom, a radiatney ing element under the same, an upper source of heat, and means for conveymg the heat from said source down to said element along opposite sides of the oven and up through said apertures. i

4. A stove including a source of heat, an oven thereabove, anintermediate radiating element, means for conveying a current laterally to said oven past the under side of said element from said source, 'and other ,means directing a similar current against the upper side of the radiating element be\ neath the oven.

5. A stove including an oven with apertures in its bottom andsides, means for condescribed, is an imveying heat currents eXteriorly from the top of said oven to the apertures in the bottom thereof, and separate means leadingV other heat currents from a point beneath the oven upwardly into its sides.

6. A stove including an oven apertured both laterally and at the bottom to permit double direct action of heat therein, sources of heat above and below the same, and separate means for conveying currents to the ovens apertures at points remote from each one of said sources.

7. A stove including a laterally apertured oven, a Hue spaced therefrom leading a heat current in an upward direction, another Hue conveying a similar current downwardly between the oven and said spaced Hue, and means discharging heat from the latter into the aperture in the ovens side.

8. A stove including an oven apertured at the sides and bottom, Hues leading heat currents upwardly at some distance from each side of said oven, other Hues conveying similar currents down intermediately of said Hues and of the oven sides, and transverse passages respectively connecting the side and bottom apertures of the oven with the different Hues.

9. A stove including an apertured oven, a blind Hue arranged to deliver heat currents into the aperture thereof, and means eXteriorly heating said Hue adjacent to its point of delivery.

10. A stove including an oven with apertures at different levels for direct admission of heat currents therein, a spaced Hue conveying said currents to said apertures, means for heating the space between said oven and said Hue, and a closure for the latter forming a pocket designed to accumulate part of the currents within and to be heated without in proximity to the higher one of said levels.

l1. A stove including an oven formed with side and bottom apertures, a Hue arranged to discharge heat currents into said oven through its side aperture at some distance from the bottom thereof, an upper source of heat, a passage extending under the oven from said source in reverse direction relatively to said Hue, and means positioned opposite the bottom aperture of the oven for collecting thereunder the currents conveyed by said passage at the farthest points from the heat source.

12. A stove including an oven with bottom and side apertures, a Hue positioned to lead ascending heat vcurrents into the ovens side, a reversely directed Hue serving to convey descending heat currents into the ovens bottom, and means connected with said Hues for collecting portions of said currents f in the vicinity of their respective discharges.

13. A stove including an oven apertured laterally and at the bottom, heat chambers below and above the same, an upturned Hue l leading the heat from the lower chamber into the aperture in the ovens side, a closure for said Hue forming therein a pocket for heat currents collecting about said aperture, a downwardly extended Hue conveying the heat from the upper chamber to the aperture in the ovens bottom, and a heat collecting element positioned beneath said bottom aperture at the under side of the latternamed Hue.

14:. A stove including an oven apertured at the bottom and side, a blind Hue spaced from said side leading a heat current eX- te'riorly of said oven up to a point near the top thereof, an upper chamber intermediately heating the oven from its said top to its said bottom, passages respectively discharging part of said current into "the interior of the oven from said Hue, and means operating to reduce the upward How of heat through the latter in proportion to the respective height of said passages and in inlgerse ratio to the distance from said cham- 15. A stove including an oven apertured laterally and at the bottom, a jacket therej around, and Hues between said jacket and said oven adapted to convey separate currents of heat to the side and bottom apertures of the latter, respectively.

16. A stove including an oven with side and bottom apertures, a jacket surrounding the same, and Hues within said jacket covering said oven from the opposite ends thereof to its said apertures so as to heat it both eXterio-rly and interiorly.

17. A stove including an oven apertured laterally and at the bottom, a jacket therefor, sources of heat at opposite ends of said oven within said jacket, and juxtaposed Hues inside the latter discharging currents from said sources into the ovens apertures directly.

18. A stove including a casing, a jacket spaced inwardly therefrom, an apertured oven within said jacket, and heat-conveying means inside the latter adapted to discharge into the bottom and side of said oven simultaneously. f

19. A stove including an oven apertured at the bottom and top for the passage of heat currents therethrough, a heat chamber above said oven, a Hue for conveying currents downwardly into the oven from said chamber, a direct exit from the latter, a discharge out of the oven for the currents from said Hue, an outlet common to both said exit and said discharge, and a damper capable of cutting off communication between either the exit or the discharge and said outlet.

20. A stove including an oven. apertured at top and bottom, a source of heat thereabove, a Hue adapted to convey currents into said oven from Said source, a separate exit for products of'combustion from the latter, a discharge for said currents out of the oven, an outlet common to both said exit and said discharge, a damper functioned to cut 0E the communication between either the exit or the discharge and said outlet, and a door for the oven automatically controlling the operation of said damper.

21. A stove including an oven apertured for the passage of heat currents therethrough in a vertical direction, a heat chamber above the same, a direct egress for currents tending to ascend from said chamber, means adapted indirectly7 to convey descending currents from the latter into said oven, an outlet for both species of said currents, and an automatically operated damper serving to shut oi either the ascending or the descending currents from said outlet.

22. A stove including an oven with top and bottom apertures, a heat chamber thereabove, a Huid leading from said chamber downwardly alongside of said oven, a transverse passage extending under the oven from said flue, and means capable of inducing a current down the latter into said passage and up said apertures from the heat chamber. l

23. A stove including a heat chamber, an oven thereunder having top and bottom apertures, laterally closed flues leading downwardly from said chamber on opposite sides of said oven, and a transverse flue arranged to discharge into said bottom apertures from the lower ends of said iirstnamed lues.

24. A stove including an oven with apertures in its top and bottom, an upper heat generating chamber, 'lues open to said apertures respectively located above and below said oven, means conveying currents from opposite sides of said chamber into the lower one of said {'lues, and other means operating to draw from the upper flue'.

25. A stove including an oven apertured laterally and at the bottom, heat chambers above and below the same, and juxtaposed iiues arranged to convey currents in opposite directionsA from said chambers to the the apertures in Y apertures in the side and bottom of the oven conjointly.

. 26. A stove including an oven with side and bottom apertures, heat chambers above and below the same, lapping lues extending on opposite sides of the oven from said chambers, the outer iiues discharging into the ovens side, and another flue connecting the inner ones of said lapping flues across the oven on the underside so as to discharge into its bottom apertures.

27. A stove including an oven apertured laterally and at the bottom, a heat generating chamber thereabove, a set of flues leadingdown the sides of said .oven from said chamber, another heat generating chamber below the oven, a second set of flues discharging rom the latter-named chamber into the ovens sides, and a transverse flue open to the ovens bottom connecting the flues in said second set.

28. A stove including an oven with top, bottom, and side apertures, heat generating chambers above and below the same, inner and outer sets of .flues discharging from said chambers into the bottom and sides of the oven respectively, and an intermediate liue in communication with the upper part of the oven.

29. A stove including an oven apertured at the top, bottom and sides, heat generating chambers labove and below said oven, vertical lues discharging into the bottom and sides of the latter Jfrom said chambers, va horizontal iue open to said top, and means operating to draw outwardly through said horizontal lue.

30. A stove including oppositcl)T located heat generating chambers, an ovcn therebetween apertured at the bottom, sides and top, iues discharging from said chambers into said bottom and sides respectively. an intermediate fiue open to said top, and means operating to draw rearwardly outward from said intermediate flue.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

" HENRY W. ODOWD. 

